1 Intro

Focus on Framlingham, Suffolk. Analysis in support of the Town Council’s ‘Sustainability Strateggy’ and goals.

2 Mapping parishes

Example: Framlingham

## Loading parish boundaries from file
##  [1] "objectid"   "parncp19cd" "parncp19nm" "parncp19nw" "lad19cd"    "lad19nm"    "bng_e"      "bng_n"      "long"       "lat"       
## [11] "st_areasha" "st_lengths" "geometry"

Build a simple map just to check the size of the parish (Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1: LSOA check map (shows MSOA and ward names when clicked

Now build a simple map from LSOAs based on the Framlingham electoral ward to see how well it matches the parish (Figure 2.2.

## Loading LSOA boundaries from file
##  [1] "OBJECTID"   "LSOA11CD"   "LSOA11NM"   "LSOA11NMW"  "BNG_E"      "BNG_N"      "LONG"       "LAT"        "Shape__Are" "Shape__Len"
## [11] "geometry"
##  [1] "LSOA11CD"        "OBJECTID"        "LSOA11NM.x"      "LSOA11NMW"       "BNG_E"           "BNG_N"           "LONG"           
##  [8] "LAT"             "Shape__Are"      "Shape__Len"      "LSOA11NM.y"      "MSOA11CD"        "MSOA11NM"        "LA11CD"         
## [15] "LA11NM"          "WD20CD"          "WD20NM"          "LAD20CD"         "LAD20NM"         "i.LSOA11NM"      "RUC11CD"        
## [22] "RUC11"           "SOA Code"        "SOA Name"        "LA Code"         "LA Name"         "Region/Country"  "Supergroup Code"
## [29] "Supergroup Name" "Group Code"      "Group Name"      "geometry"

Figure 2.2: LSOA check map (shows MSOA and ward names when clicked 

## Simple feature collection with 5 features and 5 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 621418 ymin: 255244.6 xmax: 636672.1 ymax: 271924.2
## Projected CRS: OSGB 1936 / British National Grid
##    LSOA11CD           LSOA11NM.x  MSOA11CD            MSOA11NM      WD20NM                       geometry
## 1 E01030154 Suffolk Coastal 002A E02006288 Suffolk Coastal 002 Framlingham MULTIPOLYGON (((625178.2 26...
## 2 E01030172 Suffolk Coastal 002B E02006288 Suffolk Coastal 002 Framlingham MULTIPOLYGON (((629668 2660...
## 3 E01030173 Suffolk Coastal 002C E02006288 Suffolk Coastal 002 Framlingham MULTIPOLYGON (((628048.7 26...
## 4 E01030174 Suffolk Coastal 002D E02006288 Suffolk Coastal 002 Framlingham MULTIPOLYGON (((628142.3 27...
## 5 E01030176 Suffolk Coastal 002E E02006288 Suffolk Coastal 002 Framlingham MULTIPOLYGON (((633719.9 26...

This map suggests that two LSOAs:

  • E01030172 Suffolk Coastal 002B
  • E01030173 Suffolk Coastal 002C

Are a close match to the Framlingham civil parish shown in the first map. This will enable us to extract residential gas & electricity use.

Commercial gas & electricity use is at MSOA level. This may exceed the parish boundaries - find E02006288 (see above) and map it - Figure 2.3.

## Loading MSOA boundaries from file
##  [1] "OBJECTID"   "MSOA11CD"   "MSOA11NM"   "BNG_E"      "BNG_N"      "LONG_"      "LAT"        "Shape_Leng" "Shape__Are" "Shape__Len"
## [11] "geometry"
##  [1] "OBJECTID"   "MSOA11CD"   "MSOA11NM"   "BNG_E"      "BNG_N"      "LONG_"      "LAT"        "Shape_Leng" "Shape__Are" "Shape__Len"
## [11] "geometry"

Figure 2.3: MSOA check map (shows MSOA and ward names when clicked

Yep, way too big. In fact this looks much like the Framlingham electoral ward…

This means we can only get residential electricity & gas at LSOA level and aggregate, all other data is at MSOA or LA level. See CREDS carbon.place for LSOA emissions estimates or CSE’s impact tool for parish/LA emissions - both of these use the LSOA data for 2018/19 as part of their inputs.

3 Emissions from energy use

2010 & 2019 residential gas & electricity consumption data from:

Define Framlingham by selecting the following LSOAs (see map above):

  • E01030172 Suffolk Coastal 002B
  • E01030173 Suffolk Coastal 002C

Ideally we’d like to include non-residential energy use but that is only available at the MSOA level - which as we’ve seen is larger than the Framlingham parish.

3.1 Domestic Gas 2010

Note the ‘old’ local authority label.

##               LSOA Name  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Number of meters total_gas_kWh
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham              597       9162457
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham              552       8880551
## Framlingham: Total number of gas meters = 1149
## Total residential gas kWh = 18043008

Using BEIS gas emissions factors for 2010 (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2010) doesn’t help - no gas value. Use 2015 - 0.18445 kg CO2e/kWh (it’s roughly constant over time in any case)

##               LSOA Name  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Number of meters total_gas_kWh T_co2e_gas
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham              597       9162457   1690.015
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham              552       8880551   1638.018
## Total T CO2e from gas  = 3328.0328256

3.2 Domestic Electricity 2010

BEIS CI: 0.48531 kg CO2e/kWh - very high due to use of goal.

##                LSOA11NM  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Total number of domestic electricity meters total_elec_kWh
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                                         772        3792823
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                                         726        3256201
## Total number of elec meters = 1498
## Total residential elec kWh = 7049024.2

The difference between number of gas and electricity meters more or less shows those off-gas - but there could be two electricity meters per house - e.g. anyone using Economy-7.

##                LSOA11NM  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Total number of domestic electricity meters total_elec_kWh T_co2e_elec
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                                         772        3792823    1840.695
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                                         726        3256201    1580.267
## Total T CO2e from electricity  = 3420.961934502
## Total T CO2e from this much electricity in 2021 using the most recent grid CI factor would be = 1496.719308386
## That's 44 % lower.

3.3 Domestic Gas 2019 (latest data, pre-covid)

##               LSOA Name  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Number of consuming meters total_gas_kWh
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                        805      10127210
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                        821      10134023
## Total number of consuming gas meters 2019 = 1626
## Total residential gas kWh 2019 = 20261232.67

Using BEIS gas emissions factors for 2019 (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2019).

0.18385 kg CO2e/kWh + 0.02391 (WTT)

##               LSOA Name  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Number of consuming meters total_gas_kWh T_co2e_gas
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                        805      10127210   2104.029
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                        821      10134023   2105.445
## Total T CO2e from gas  = 4209.4736995192

3.4 Domestic Electricity 2019 (latest data, pre-covid)

BEIS CI: 0.2556 kg CO2e/kWh + 0.03565 + 0.02170 (WTT + T&D)

##                LSOA11NM  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Total number of domestic electricity meters total_elec_kWh
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                                         964        3620935
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                                         981        3264661
## Total number of elec meters = 1945
## Total residential elec kWh = 6885595.88

The difference between number of gas and electricity meters more or less shows those off-gas - but there could be two electricity meters per house - e.g. anyone using Economy-7.

##                LSOA11NM  LSOA11CD      WD20NM Total number of domestic electricity meters total_elec_kWh T_co2e_elec
## 1: Suffolk Coastal 002B E01030172 Framlingham                                         964        3620935    1133.172
## 2: Suffolk Coastal 002C E01030173 Framlingham                                         981        3264661    1021.676
## Total T CO2e from electricity  = 2154.847230646

3.5 2010 - 2019 change

3.5.1 Domestic Gas 2010-2019

## Loading /Users/ben/Dropbox/data/beis/subnationalGas/lsoaDom/LSOA_GAS_2010.csv.gz
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##     year  nMeters nConsumingMeters nAllMeters
##  1: 2010 566.2482               NA   566.2482
##  2: 2011 569.1482               NA   569.1482
##  3: 2012 570.9631               NA   570.9631
##  4: 2013 574.9988               NA   574.9988
##  5: 2014 578.9451               NA   578.9451
##  6: 2015       NA         576.1124   576.1124
##  7: 2016       NA         582.9840   582.9840
##  8: 2017       NA         589.0729   589.0729
##  9: 2018       NA         595.1929   595.1929
## 10: 2019       NA         599.2154   599.2154
##  [1] "Local Authority Name"                       "Local Authority Code"                       "MSOA Name"                                 
##  [4] "Middle Layer Super Output Area (MSOA) Code" "LSOA Name"                                  "Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) Code" 
##  [7] "Number of meters"                           "Consumption (kWh)"                          "Mean consumption (kWh per meter)"          
## [10] "Median consumption (kWh per meter)"         "year"                                       "total_gas_kWh"                             
## [13] "Number of consuming meters"                 "Number of non-consuming meters"             "total_nMeters"

3.5.2 Domestic Electricity 2010-2019

## Loading /Users/ben/Dropbox/data/beis/subnationalElec/lsoaDom/LSOA_ELEC_2010.csv.gz
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##  [1] "Local Authority Name"                                      "Local Authority Code"                                     
##  [3] "Middle Layer Super Output Area (MSOA) Name"                "Middle Layer Super Output Area (MSOA) Code"               
##  [5] "Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) Name"                 "Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) Code"                
##  [7] "Total number of domestic electricity meters"               "Total domestic electricity consumption (kWh)"             
##  [9] "Mean domestic electricity consumption \n(kWh per meter)"   "Median domestic electricity consumption \n(kWh per meter)"
## [11] "year"                                                      "total_elec_kWh"                                           
## [13] "total_nMeters"

4 Emissions from other sources (CSE Impact tool data)

4.1 Territorial-based emissions

4.2 Consumption-based emissions

5 Annex

5.1 Data processing

This analysis was created using R embedded in Rmarkdown in RStudio.

5.2 R packages used

  • base R (R Core Team 2016)
  • bookdown (Xie 2016a)
  • data.table (Dowle et al. 2015)
  • ggplot2 (Wickham 2009)
  • flextable (Gohel 2021)
  • knitr (Xie 2016b)
  • rmarkdown (Allaire et al. 2018)

References

Allaire, JJ, Yihui Xie, Jonathan McPherson, Javier Luraschi, Kevin Ushey, Aron Atkins, Hadley Wickham, Joe Cheng, and Winston Chang. 2018. Rmarkdown: Dynamic Documents for r. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rmarkdown.
Dowle, M, A Srinivasan, T Short, S Lianoglou with contributions from R Saporta, and E Antonyan. 2015. Data.table: Extension of Data.frame. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=data.table.
Gohel, David. 2021. Flextable: Functions for Tabular Reporting. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=flextable.
R Core Team. 2016. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
Wickham, Hadley. 2009. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. http://ggplot2.org.
Xie, Yihui. 2016a. Bookdown: Authoring Books and Technical Documents with R Markdown. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman; Hall/CRC. https://github.com/rstudio/bookdown.
———. 2016b. Knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report Generation in r. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=knitr.